Several strategies have been explored to enhance tissue vascularization, including controlled release of proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2, but such approaches could be limited by the short half-life of proangiogenic factors. Therefore, engineering functional tissues with clinically relevant thickness will require approaches to incorporate vascular networks. In addition to access to oxygen and nutrients, vascular networks are needed for the removal of carbon dioxide and other cellular waste products during metabolism. In vascularized tissues, it is estimated that cells must be located within 150–200 μm of the nearest capillary to survive and function optimally. However, vascularization is one of the great challenges that tissue engineering faces in order to generate sizeable tissue and organ substitutes that contain living cells. The Centre for Eye Research Australia and the O’Brien Institute Department of St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research receive Operational Infrastructure Support from the Victorian Government.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Įngineered tissues are emerging as a viable approach to address the scarce supply of heterologous donor organs available for transplantation. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This work was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (#1061912- GJD, GSL and #1003113- GJD), the Research Endowment Fund- St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne (SYL, GMM) and the Jack Brockhoff Foundation (GMM). Received: DecemAccepted: FebruPublished: February 22, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Chan et al. PLoS ONE 11(2):Įditor: Jui-Yang Lai, Chang Gung University, TAIWAN (2016) Three Dimensional Collagen Scaffold Promotes Intrinsic Vascularisation for Tissue Engineering Applications. Such scaffolds could also be used as an assay model for studies on angiogenesis, 3-dimensional cell culture, and delivery of growth factors and cells in vivo.Ĭitation: Chan EC, Kuo S-M, Kong AM, Morrison WA, Dusting GJ, Mitchell GM, et al. In summary, these collagen scaffolds are biocompatible and could be used to grow more robust vascularized tissue engineering grafts with improved the survival of implanted cells. In the same model, collagen scaffolds seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) produced greater increases in vascular volume than did cell-free collagen scaffolds (42.9±4.0 μL in collagen scaffold with human ASCs vs 25.7☑.9 μL in collagen scaffold alone p<0.05, n = 4). Vascular volume of the resulting constructs was greater than the vascular volume of constructs from chambers implanted with fibrinogen gel alone (42.7±5.0 μL in collagen scaffold vs 22.5☒.3 μL in fibrinogen gel alone p<0.05, n = 7). ![]() Angiogenic sprouts from the femoral vessels invaded throughout the scaffolds and these degraded completely after 4 weeks. Collagen scaffolds, impregnated with human fibrinogen gel, were implanted subcutaneously inside a chamber enclosing the femoral vessels in rats. In vivo, after subcutaneous implantation in mice, cell-free collagen scaffolds were vascularized by host neovessels, whilst a gradual degradation of the scaffold material occurred over 8 weeks. In vitro, scaffolds seeded with primary human microvascular endothelial cells suspended in human fibrin gel formed CD31 positive capillary-like structures with clear lumens. ![]() Collagen scaffolds were synthesized from type I bovine collagen and have a uniform pore size of 80 μm. Here, we describe a porous 3-dimensional collagen scaffold material that supports capillary formation in vitro, and promotes vascularization when implanted in vivo.
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